Formulas

Stress is the applied force acting per unit cross-sectional area of a material.

Strain is the change in the length or size of a stressed body divided by its original length or size. It can be linear strain, shear strain, or volumetric strain.

A measure of the rigidity of a material. It expresses how much a material resists deformation under stress.

The ability of a metal or material to resist elastic deformation. It indicates how much force is needed to cause a certain extension.

The ratio of shear stress to shear strain within the elastic limit.

Strain induced in a material due to a change in temperature.

Stress developed in a compound bar due to a temperature change.

The maximum tensile stress a material can withstand before failure.

The turning effect of a force acting at a distance from a point or axis.

The twisting effect produced by a force acting at a distance from an axis; also called torsional moment.

The rate of doing work. Unit: watt (W).

A unit of power commonly used for engines.

Torque produced by angular acceleration acting on a rotating body

Relationship between shear stress, torque, and shaft geometry.

Angular Velocity

The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

Rate of change of position with respect to time.

Rate of change of angular displacement.

Acceleration of a point in circular motion.

The product of mass and velocity.

Change in momentum produced by a force.

Quantity that produces acceleration in a body.

Force due to gravity acting on a mass.

Acceleration directed towards the center of circular motion.

Force acting towards the center of circular motion.

Mass per unit volume of a substance.

Work done when a force moves a body through a distance.

Ratio of useful output energy to input energy.

Rate of doing work. Unit: watt (W).

Energy stored due to position in a field.

Energy of a moving body.

Energy of a rotating body.

Force opposing motion between surfaces.

Inclined angle at which a body begins to slide.

Mechanical efficiency of a screw jack.